Problems of veneer diseases in the in style world.
Category: Health and Fitness
In unspecific, all diseases of the bark can be divided into diverse plain-spoken groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused by means of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most standard diseases of the hide of any mature group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and innumerable others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by means of pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused past unique viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a fairly customary circle of outer layer diseases caused sooner than different pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of skin diseases caused close to an allergic skin resistance to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused on the whole by means of changes in the perturbed routine: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock long-lasting skin sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Basal Cell Carcinoma, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Widespread connective tissue condition characterized by lesions of connective pile include lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a ailment, the solitary or main morphological mug of which is the froth: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific irritation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa chronic, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a inheritable decorticate disease, manifested by diverse pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of strip appendages (sebaceous glands, ringlets and nails) allow for seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the skin constitute a profaning of its pigmentation, usually caused by disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For tumors of the incrustation seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus bubble +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized by the constant semblance of new boils at contrary stages of progress in special parts of the body. As a result, the plague is defined as a long-lasting relapsing fomenting process.
The most visit sites of localization boils are the confess b confront (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The complaint mostly develops on areas of skin trauma, even nominal, in the colour of a single cynosure clear, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the changeless as that of a solitary boils (rind contamination, scratches, excessive extravasation of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as successfully as the weakening of the protected stature (failure in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in link with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Quite again there are cases where furunculosis is a intricacy of other skin diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Distinctive boils upon as single: on the coating the waters agonizing pustule appears splendid red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the process of growing, it begins to stick out first of all the conical healthy veneer, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the abscess, accompanied by way of copious purulent necrotic mass. The development ends with scarring of the hearth.
The difference between solitary furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may slip the forgiving: fever may enter into the picture, the patient complained of general failing, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Accomplishable complications of the blight regularly appear when it is localized on the chief honcho (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic swelling of the hardly mane follicles, which merge to configuration a single traitorous infiltrate. Normally develops as a sequel of the unchanged factors that seethe (husk contamination, offence, enormous secreting of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The sickness is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most common place of air formations - the to of the neck, shoulders, tochis and drop back.
Since the inflammatory proceeding involves several hair follicles, the carbuncle, in disparity to the sputter, a scarcely any necrotic cores. Swollen skin is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and hot to the touch. In analogue, there is deterioration of ordinary working order of the tenacious: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), inconvenience, nausea or vomiting, serious cramp at the spot of localization of redness, the tolerant feels a habitual taste, denial of appetite.
After a certain space revealed an swollen follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its recall remains a festering festering spot surface, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a few areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics approximately the localization of irritation (in the early stages of development), the levee of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed by proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a group of diseases of the coat and its appendages (curls and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of divers genera. They into a substantial lodgings mass the mycoses.
Among the fungal diseases be experiencing identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a grouping of so-called deep mycoses. It also includes a group of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an intermediate status between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional fell diseases caused on fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These include skin diseases eidermofitiya stop rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most common of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused by red trihofitonom, they can abuse not only the pellicle of the feet and nails, and other shape areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the maturity of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of exclusive hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regime in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be want on wet surfaces, in flat waters.
Less regular keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting lone the superficies areas of the rank corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the noteworthy keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The defeat of the skin, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a complaint caused past fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by them in many ways, including the growth of candidiasis is practical with irrational abhor of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, leading to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are character of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the strip, there are various bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The jeopardy of preoccupied fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of skin, subcutaneous accumulation, underlying muscles and in spite of bones and internal organs and often leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If nail fungus is at times required surgery - removal of diseased nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by different types of accommodating papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the typewrite of factor: vulgaris (common) are caused alongside pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the smooth - the causative agent of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (nasty) indoctrination are usually observed in childhood and adolescence. They look like pimples flesh pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, ungracious pave, whose dimensions variety from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most often they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Strand warts are found by in children and immature adults. They are a multiple curvilinear or oval papules color with a burnished emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the seemingly, neck, strongbox, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slightly above the even of healthy skin.
Plantar can develop at any duration, they instigate the materialization of micro stop fulsome sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is inveterately multiple, definite, steady to the rival with the production of a irregular surface. Some of them quickly painful, uniquely those in the strength of troubles during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and pose as the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried out on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in place of humans. The virus is transmitted around handle contact (including procreative) and entirely the expend of standard items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more plain in preschool children. In persons of mean and stale period blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Now the complaint is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an subsidiary hint of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The murrain is manifested about the advent of the coating percipience of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from individual mm to 1 cm in the center of the unit detected a slight indentation. When you click on an ingredient from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The numeral of emerged nodules may be different: single most located on the face, neck, recoil from of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the coating and grouped into peewee pockets. In the prove of the virus into the body through physical get in touch with molluscum contagiosum commonly localized to the pubic neighbourhood, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to coalesce, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with rough edges - the supposed "giantess clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vaporize on their own, but the coinciding development of modish elements in the theretofore simulated areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Toxic epidermal necrolysis - a chronic condition of the peel, nails and joints, characterized about the appearance on the pellicle monomorphic rash. The eczema is a flat papules of miscellaneous sizes that have to merge into stout pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the moment it is single of the most common chronic diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not solitary the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Manner, this understanding is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories regarding the cradle of the affliction: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased chamber build-up), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful method) and others.
In psoriatic skin revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis natty, natural of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses start in the papillary dermis - the flourishing of capillaries, the inflammatory infiltrate.
The evolvement of the condition is characterized around a medley of start: the disease can start wellnigh undiscovered before the unswerving with the arrival of multiple papules and may distinct sudden spread of the fell surface scars. The infection is caused during the seasons: that being the case, the most ordinary "winter" genus with exacerbations during the cold season, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a mixed type of exacerbation which spring up at any habits of year.
There are several forms of the disease: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - skin lesions of an insurgent temperament, resulting from physical crash on it. There are undecorated and allergic graze lesions.
The development of elementary dermatitis occurs when exposed to pledge stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), real impact (maximum or small temperatures - a waste or frostbite, radiation, colourless underscore, charged up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing development develops in the film at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the force and uncovering old hat stimulus, as manifestly as the properties of the fleece and the localization of rebellious lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the skin is constantly, you sway congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A frank form occurs closely after exposure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The lone exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of excoriate, a clinical embodiment that melodious hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic compensation of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are predominantly chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are introduce in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg ringlets dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic nature of the malady is as follows: the shell reddens without the development of intelligible boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or dim content, which at the opening of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis differs from the simple actually that the first affects the integument, not single on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. In place of model, the effects of an allergic compensation to ill-starred calibre ink can spread on the face, neck and tranquil chest. Self-centred feelings of the passive is most often characterized by way of a undisguised itching.
Itching - a condition in which the enlargement of serious importance are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the need to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this feeling of drag, but in modified manifestation, which occurs when a decrepit stimulation of cutaneous balls endings responsible for the sake affliction perception. Some scholars bear identified in android skin-specific receptors that glimpse an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the skin;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a breed of pathological lesions of the upset method, digestive scheme, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and pernicious diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a party of scrape diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In certain strip diseases, itching is their at most clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly planned, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized nearby paroxysmal, his seizures usually become manifest in the evening and unendingly time. Is intolerable rune, so much a off one's rocker bark brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or indulge character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (light). An antediluvian staff appears in the hoary (beyond 60) and is due to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a summit of once again 7000 m above quantity above-board, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is apposite to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized tickle is characterized sooner than minimal, it commonly occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued fact of itching can lead to complications in the ceremony of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized coating ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod disturbance muscle, denial of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting epidermis disease of inflammatory simplicity, which is characterized before the demeanour of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the composition of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a violation of the get through one's head).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: diffuse and limited. Loquacious is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can cause not up to par nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other chronic infections, as good-naturedly as important disorders of the central fearful structure, autonomic group, disorders of the endocrine countryside (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The leading job in the development of this disease are disorders of the in a flap and endocrine systems. It can hit at any age.
The ranking cue is the show of periphrastic neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized beside itching. Papules care for to unite into continuous lesions with resultant lichenification of the skin. Such centers as a rule are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the fleece cross someone's mind on the dial, abandon and thorax ' on the pellicle emerge pink erythema, with no unconfused boundaries and characterized past slight desquamation. The patient complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the coating, itchy and very sparkling tack lamination, looks like polished. Because scratching can fasten pyococcus infection. The pelt becomes dry, succeeding gray.
The patient observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks disturbance, hankering disappointment, hypotension, Tungiasis, weakness, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The dogged becomes prickly, blubbering, perhaps lowering of essentials weight.
The disability is characterized at hand a prolonged course with a relevant of swelling subsided during the summer months. Perhaps the spread of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable line of the complaint, unseemly treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects limited areas of the pelt, the most normal localization - nurse and side of the neck, the incrustation 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the narrow form are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost present of which is lichenification of the skin;
Pitiful - that zone of the fleece, which arise shiny papular ill-advised of tight measurements;
unessential, characterized not later than hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disease characterized beside enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical theme of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical compound of sebum leads to the check of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a follow-up, the healthy microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The commotion of leakage of sebaceous glands are usually caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the direction of the latter. Most much this occurs at the grow older of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration here skin appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused away proscription of the voting for sebaceous escape that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most iterative sites of localization are those seborrhea pellicle, where there are the greatest number of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, caddy and back. There are three forms of it: a stiffish (filled and runny), and droll blended.
If there is a halfwitted flattering seal and reduced suppleness of the coating, which becomes brownish-grayish color. On a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squeeze out of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a thick mass of tallow. The ringlets in this form of the infirmity change uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent variety is characterized before fatty losneniem abrade pores greatly expanded, including plenty of sebum released. The plaits of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to singular strands, they detected a corpulent bevy of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. To each the complications produce folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Shrink seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of wealthy, copious illusion on the scalp and whisker, horny scales. The scales play, as a command, or the uninjured superintendent, or in the occipital-parietal sector, and they are easily separated and fall to the clothes. Curls becomes monotonous and brittle. In this quintessence of malady on the lamina perform pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the to the casual observer of scads young scales - seboreidy.
The dry look of the illness is accompanied nearby self-centred sensations: patients squawk of a feeling of tightening of the veneer, tingling, first growing after washing with cold water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized around enhanced excretion of plenteousness in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and tedious fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of portly was observed but in the frontal and parietal regions.
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused by means of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most standard diseases of the hide of any mature group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and innumerable others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by means of pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused past unique viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a fairly customary circle of outer layer diseases caused sooner than different pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of skin diseases caused close to an allergic skin resistance to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused on the whole by means of changes in the perturbed routine: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock long-lasting skin sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Basal Cell Carcinoma, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Widespread connective tissue condition characterized by lesions of connective pile include lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a ailment, the solitary or main morphological mug of which is the froth: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific irritation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa chronic, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a inheritable decorticate disease, manifested by diverse pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of strip appendages (sebaceous glands, ringlets and nails) allow for seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the skin constitute a profaning of its pigmentation, usually caused by disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For tumors of the incrustation seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus bubble +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized by the constant semblance of new boils at contrary stages of progress in special parts of the body. As a result, the plague is defined as a long-lasting relapsing fomenting process.
The most visit sites of localization boils are the confess b confront (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The complaint mostly develops on areas of skin trauma, even nominal, in the colour of a single cynosure clear, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the changeless as that of a solitary boils (rind contamination, scratches, excessive extravasation of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as successfully as the weakening of the protected stature (failure in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in link with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Quite again there are cases where furunculosis is a intricacy of other skin diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Distinctive boils upon as single: on the coating the waters agonizing pustule appears splendid red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the process of growing, it begins to stick out first of all the conical healthy veneer, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the abscess, accompanied by way of copious purulent necrotic mass. The development ends with scarring of the hearth.
The difference between solitary furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may slip the forgiving: fever may enter into the picture, the patient complained of general failing, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Accomplishable complications of the blight regularly appear when it is localized on the chief honcho (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic swelling of the hardly mane follicles, which merge to configuration a single traitorous infiltrate. Normally develops as a sequel of the unchanged factors that seethe (husk contamination, offence, enormous secreting of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The sickness is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most common place of air formations - the to of the neck, shoulders, tochis and drop back.
Since the inflammatory proceeding involves several hair follicles, the carbuncle, in disparity to the sputter, a scarcely any necrotic cores. Swollen skin is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and hot to the touch. In analogue, there is deterioration of ordinary working order of the tenacious: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), inconvenience, nausea or vomiting, serious cramp at the spot of localization of redness, the tolerant feels a habitual taste, denial of appetite.
After a certain space revealed an swollen follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its recall remains a festering festering spot surface, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a few areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics approximately the localization of irritation (in the early stages of development), the levee of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed by proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a group of diseases of the coat and its appendages (curls and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of divers genera. They into a substantial lodgings mass the mycoses.
Among the fungal diseases be experiencing identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a grouping of so-called deep mycoses. It also includes a group of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an intermediate status between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional fell diseases caused on fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These include skin diseases eidermofitiya stop rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most common of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused by red trihofitonom, they can abuse not only the pellicle of the feet and nails, and other shape areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the maturity of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of exclusive hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regime in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be want on wet surfaces, in flat waters.
Less regular keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting lone the superficies areas of the rank corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the noteworthy keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The defeat of the skin, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a complaint caused past fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by them in many ways, including the growth of candidiasis is practical with irrational abhor of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, leading to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are character of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the strip, there are various bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The jeopardy of preoccupied fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of skin, subcutaneous accumulation, underlying muscles and in spite of bones and internal organs and often leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If nail fungus is at times required surgery - removal of diseased nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by different types of accommodating papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the typewrite of factor: vulgaris (common) are caused alongside pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the smooth - the causative agent of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (nasty) indoctrination are usually observed in childhood and adolescence. They look like pimples flesh pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, ungracious pave, whose dimensions variety from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most often they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Strand warts are found by in children and immature adults. They are a multiple curvilinear or oval papules color with a burnished emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the seemingly, neck, strongbox, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slightly above the even of healthy skin.
Plantar can develop at any duration, they instigate the materialization of micro stop fulsome sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is inveterately multiple, definite, steady to the rival with the production of a irregular surface. Some of them quickly painful, uniquely those in the strength of troubles during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and pose as the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried out on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in place of humans. The virus is transmitted around handle contact (including procreative) and entirely the expend of standard items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more plain in preschool children. In persons of mean and stale period blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Now the complaint is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an subsidiary hint of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The murrain is manifested about the advent of the coating percipience of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from individual mm to 1 cm in the center of the unit detected a slight indentation. When you click on an ingredient from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The numeral of emerged nodules may be different: single most located on the face, neck, recoil from of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the coating and grouped into peewee pockets. In the prove of the virus into the body through physical get in touch with molluscum contagiosum commonly localized to the pubic neighbourhood, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to coalesce, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with rough edges - the supposed "giantess clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vaporize on their own, but the coinciding development of modish elements in the theretofore simulated areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Toxic epidermal necrolysis - a chronic condition of the peel, nails and joints, characterized about the appearance on the pellicle monomorphic rash. The eczema is a flat papules of miscellaneous sizes that have to merge into stout pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the moment it is single of the most common chronic diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not solitary the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Manner, this understanding is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories regarding the cradle of the affliction: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased chamber build-up), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful method) and others.
In psoriatic skin revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis natty, natural of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses start in the papillary dermis - the flourishing of capillaries, the inflammatory infiltrate.
The evolvement of the condition is characterized around a medley of start: the disease can start wellnigh undiscovered before the unswerving with the arrival of multiple papules and may distinct sudden spread of the fell surface scars. The infection is caused during the seasons: that being the case, the most ordinary "winter" genus with exacerbations during the cold season, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a mixed type of exacerbation which spring up at any habits of year.
There are several forms of the disease: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - skin lesions of an insurgent temperament, resulting from physical crash on it. There are undecorated and allergic graze lesions.
The development of elementary dermatitis occurs when exposed to pledge stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), real impact (maximum or small temperatures - a waste or frostbite, radiation, colourless underscore, charged up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing development develops in the film at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the force and uncovering old hat stimulus, as manifestly as the properties of the fleece and the localization of rebellious lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the skin is constantly, you sway congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A frank form occurs closely after exposure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The lone exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of excoriate, a clinical embodiment that melodious hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic compensation of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are predominantly chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are introduce in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg ringlets dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic nature of the malady is as follows: the shell reddens without the development of intelligible boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or dim content, which at the opening of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis differs from the simple actually that the first affects the integument, not single on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. In place of model, the effects of an allergic compensation to ill-starred calibre ink can spread on the face, neck and tranquil chest. Self-centred feelings of the passive is most often characterized by way of a undisguised itching.
Itching - a condition in which the enlargement of serious importance are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the need to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this feeling of drag, but in modified manifestation, which occurs when a decrepit stimulation of cutaneous balls endings responsible for the sake affliction perception. Some scholars bear identified in android skin-specific receptors that glimpse an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the skin;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a breed of pathological lesions of the upset method, digestive scheme, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and pernicious diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a party of scrape diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In certain strip diseases, itching is their at most clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly planned, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized nearby paroxysmal, his seizures usually become manifest in the evening and unendingly time. Is intolerable rune, so much a off one's rocker bark brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or indulge character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (light). An antediluvian staff appears in the hoary (beyond 60) and is due to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a summit of once again 7000 m above quantity above-board, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is apposite to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized tickle is characterized sooner than minimal, it commonly occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued fact of itching can lead to complications in the ceremony of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized coating ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod disturbance muscle, denial of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting epidermis disease of inflammatory simplicity, which is characterized before the demeanour of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the composition of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a violation of the get through one's head).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: diffuse and limited. Loquacious is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can cause not up to par nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other chronic infections, as good-naturedly as important disorders of the central fearful structure, autonomic group, disorders of the endocrine countryside (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The leading job in the development of this disease are disorders of the in a flap and endocrine systems. It can hit at any age.
The ranking cue is the show of periphrastic neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized beside itching. Papules care for to unite into continuous lesions with resultant lichenification of the skin. Such centers as a rule are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the fleece cross someone's mind on the dial, abandon and thorax ' on the pellicle emerge pink erythema, with no unconfused boundaries and characterized past slight desquamation. The patient complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the coating, itchy and very sparkling tack lamination, looks like polished. Because scratching can fasten pyococcus infection. The pelt becomes dry, succeeding gray.
The patient observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks disturbance, hankering disappointment, hypotension, Tungiasis, weakness, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The dogged becomes prickly, blubbering, perhaps lowering of essentials weight.
The disability is characterized at hand a prolonged course with a relevant of swelling subsided during the summer months. Perhaps the spread of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable line of the complaint, unseemly treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects limited areas of the pelt, the most normal localization - nurse and side of the neck, the incrustation 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the narrow form are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost present of which is lichenification of the skin;
Pitiful - that zone of the fleece, which arise shiny papular ill-advised of tight measurements;
unessential, characterized not later than hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disease characterized beside enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical theme of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical compound of sebum leads to the check of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a follow-up, the healthy microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The commotion of leakage of sebaceous glands are usually caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the direction of the latter. Most much this occurs at the grow older of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration here skin appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused away proscription of the voting for sebaceous escape that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most iterative sites of localization are those seborrhea pellicle, where there are the greatest number of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, caddy and back. There are three forms of it: a stiffish (filled and runny), and droll blended.
If there is a halfwitted flattering seal and reduced suppleness of the coating, which becomes brownish-grayish color. On a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squeeze out of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a thick mass of tallow. The ringlets in this form of the infirmity change uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent variety is characterized before fatty losneniem abrade pores greatly expanded, including plenty of sebum released. The plaits of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to singular strands, they detected a corpulent bevy of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. To each the complications produce folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Shrink seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of wealthy, copious illusion on the scalp and whisker, horny scales. The scales play, as a command, or the uninjured superintendent, or in the occipital-parietal sector, and they are easily separated and fall to the clothes. Curls becomes monotonous and brittle. In this quintessence of malady on the lamina perform pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the to the casual observer of scads young scales - seboreidy.
The dry look of the illness is accompanied nearby self-centred sensations: patients squawk of a feeling of tightening of the veneer, tingling, first growing after washing with cold water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized around enhanced excretion of plenteousness in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and tedious fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of portly was observed but in the frontal and parietal regions.
